Librettist: Pietro Metastasio
Date: 1755¹
Dramma per musica in three acts
Language: Italian
Large-scale
Alessandro: tenor
Poro: soprano
Cleofide: soprano
Erissena: soprano
Gandarte: soprano
Timagene: soprano
La Gloria: soprano
Chorus
After the defeat of Poro’s army on the banks of the Hydaspes River, the king faces Alessandro on the battlefield, accompanied by Gandarte, confessing his love for Cleofide and fearing for her fate. Alessandro, in turn, demonstrates clemency by freeing the prisoner Erissena, Poro’s sister, who falls in love with him. In contrast, Timagene, his confidant, reveals a deep hatred and desire for revenge against the conqueror. In her kingdom, Cleofide is anguished over Poro’s fate; he returns announcing Alessandro’s victory and expressing doubts about his beloved’s fidelity. Erissena then identifies Timagene as an enemy of Alessandro and a possible ally.
With the approach of the Greek army, a new battle breaks out at the Hydaspes bridge. Poro is again defeated and taken prisoner, but Timagene frees him to prove that he is against Alessandro. He advances on Cleofide’s kingdom, takes her prisoner and proposes marriage to her. However, Gandarte appears disguised as Poro and offers to change places with the supposed beloved, convincing Alessandro to free them both, moved by the courage and sacrifice demonstrated.
Convinced by Erissena that Poro had committed suicide, Cleofide agrees to marry Alessandro at the Temple of Bacchus. However, at the moment of the wedding, she is unable to hide her pain and confesses her love for Poro, who reappears, alive after all. Touched by the courage and loyalty demonstrated, Alessandro restores the kingdom and wife to Poro, and is finally acclaimed a hero.
Ob | Hn | Tpt | Vln | Vla | Vc | Cb | Cemb²
Score: Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
David Perez’s Alessandro nell’ Indie was the work chosen to inaugurate the new royal theatre, commissioned by King José I and integrated into the Royal Palace of Ribeira – the Real Caza da Ópera (Ópera do Tejo), which, seven months later, would succumb to the violence of the Great Earthquake. The second version of Perez’s work – the first was staged in Genoa in 1744 – premiered on March 31, 1755, on the occasion of the birthday of Queen Mariana Vitória, wife of King José, and had a total of 14 performances.³ The architect responsible for the construction of the theatre, Giovanni Carlo Sicinio Galli Bibiena (1752-1760), was also the author of the opera’s sets. The production also involved the collaboration of Petronio Mazzoni, responsible for creating the theatrical machinery that produced truly spectacular effects, such as the simulation of navigation and the disembarkation of several boats on stage.⁴ Cyrillo Machado wrote in his memoirs that the performance included “a corps of four hundred cavalrymen representing a Macedonian phalanx.”⁵
Date: 1755
Venue: Ópera do Tejo, Lisbon
Cast: Antonio Raaff, Caffarello (Gaetano Majorano), Domenico Luciani, Giuseppe Gallieni, Giovanni Simone Ciucci, Giuseppe Morelli and Carlo Reina